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Tamil is one of the ancient languages of the world. It has a history of more than 3000 years. Now Tamil is spoken by the native speakers of Tamil Nadu in South India by around 53 million as per the Census of India 1991. During the last few centuries, millions of Tamil speakers have migrated to other southern states of India like Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil is one of the official languages of Sri Lanka, Singapore and Malaysia. A significant number of speakers of Tamil live in France, Canada, USA, South Africa, Mauritius and in many more countries. Tamil is very rich in Literature and Grammar. The ancient Sangam Literature is a collection of thousands of poems with rare poetic quality and philosophical in content. It is a part of the literary heritage of the world. Tamil has an uninterrupted lineage of literary tradition. It has a huge corpus of epics, poems, moral treatise, devotional songs, philosophical writings, grammatical treatise, medicinal texts, and other books on humanities. Tamil has also been declared as an important classical language of India by the Government. It is often compounded with Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, Hebrew and Chinese. Tamil music and Tamil dance are much celebrated worldwide for their perfection and elaboration. Arts and crafts of Tamil Nadu are very famous for their beauty and grandeur. Tamil epics, mythologies, moral literature and grammars like Tholkappiyam, Thirukkural, Kambaramayanam, Silappathikaram and Thiruvasakam have been translated into many world languages. Contribution of Tamil to Indian Philosophy, Religion and Literature is much appreciated and acknowledged. Tamil studies are now a part of the curriculum of many international universities. Tamil literature and thought are attracting many scholars and researchers because of their richness and varieties. Learning Tamil is considered as an exploration into a wonderful world of ancestry as well as into a land of aesthetic and philosophical treasure.